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Morocco
& Western Sahara
Follow
me then, in my journey, but just the ones that once have felt an inner
shudder for the first notes, mostly sour and sweet, of the arabic instruments,
eternally scortted by drums. These are of mine, these are my brothers.
Ride, as me, on your best horse, of wide chest and long mane, and I
will guide you through the wild plains covered in flowers, through the
deserts, sprinkled with lilies and other jewels, to the very hart of
this ancient country immobilized under the power of the sun, and finally
take you to visit the great dead cities, lulled by the eternal whisper
of prayers.....
Travels:
Morocco, Pierre Loti
A
place visited and admired, always desired, stop and temporary home for
every traveller.
During
the history this area has attracted the interests of many people; during
the 18th century and some centuries before, romantic and mystic ideas
about the muslim society brought artists and aristocracy to taste the
colours and landscapes of the north western corner of the African continent;
also naturalists with dreams drunken by the magic lure of the stories
of waterless deserts with green spots, places where sweet fruits grow,
massive snow covered mountains, or misterious ponds with holy fishes,
were soon keen to gain more knowledge, and made them to travel all around
and begin keeping track of the different special forms of life to be
found there.
The
19th brought more lucrative aims for studies, locating valuable mineral
reservoirs or oil were the main interests and cartography advanced due
to the military interests, but in the same time deeper researches began
on other fields as Botany, Zoology, etc..
Finally due to the intense contact, the desert caught the minds of
visiting westeners, as it has been doing to all the previous and
present settlers, also today any supposed scientific reason is enough
for paying a visit to our origins, the empty plains of sand and stones;
often these supposed scientific reasons are just a cheap reason for
going back once more; most times deprived of the usual comodities of
our society, living in basic conditions, suffering the harsh weather...
and the people still keeps on going, again and again , many could ask
why?, nobody has an answer, but once you have been there you need it,
it's the Desert.

When
visiting the desert keep record of what you were coming to do, for example
snailing; the empty horizon, the heat, the intense colours and the lack
of sounds have been proved to be a shocking event for many, of extreme
pleasure, or of extreme dislike... This is just an advice, there might
be many that would like to be taken by the desert, more that would love
to be safely back at their homes, but if you came for your aims of snailing
at least keep it in your mind, although it looks like empty the desert
is full, it is rich in emotions, as well as in snails ....
North
African Malacofauna: Landsnails
Studied
by generations of scholars as Pallary, and contemporary authors, the
molluscan fauna of this area still remains fairly poor studied, vast
areas have not even been visited, and the systematical position of many
taxons is still unclear.
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Most
of the work was done in the colonial times, and as usually happens many
species had no proper localities specified, or were transfered from one
site to other due to common mistakes.
No
doubt this northern and northwestern area of Africa is home for many interesting
families of land-dwelling Mollusca. Also the surrounding seas are specially
rich in species, a large amount of nutrients found in the water makes
possible a high diversity of life.

A
challenge for life: different climate and ecological conditions make strange
survival strategies to evolve.
The
Moroccan and Western Saharan area has different kinds of landscapes, as
different types of climates, the more interesting adaptations anyway occur
in the desert fauna.
Often
is said that live is found in every pocket of this planet doesn't matter
what unpleasant conditions there might be; well who knew that you may
have the chance to find (live) snails, these moisture loving animals,
in hell like deserts?; also, did you know that you are most likely to
meet people there too?.
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This last idea is nothing new for all, places that look for us barren
and without any possible use, are the home backyards to many families,
valuable resources are taken, and they know every inch of the landscape,
their advice has always been the best help in every problem. Living in
close contact with the elements, they've got all the answers, and often
when encountered always a smile shines in their face.... a foreigner coming
to look for snails?, and they are more amused when they take you to a
good spot, and the foreigner (anyone of us) in the first two hours of
walking begins to question how far is that marvellous spot... meanwhile
checking the amount of water taken..., may be noticing that you are thirsty
you offer your friend some..I am not thirsty, and I don't like the
taste of water, I will drink tomorrow, some milk... then you just
keep on thinking.... tomorrow???.....
There
are places where reported by the local villagers no drop of rain have
been seen for years, but when the often heavy, but short rains, come,
first it is a joy for the locals and their cattle and second it is the
most important event for all the desert life, specially molluscs; sealing
their shells with many layers of dry mucus (epiphragma), they have been
waiting for these storms, hidden in the soil or under stones; for attaining
survival they need to take adventage of all the new food, the vegetal
life that will cover the former dry and lifeless looking sand dunes and
rocky areas.
During
weeks these inhabitants will gather energy for surviving whilst it is
possible, mating also needs to happen now, no one knows when are the next
rains coming and a newer generation, more members, will give more chances
for every population to survive.
For
the next months or years of drought these animals will find shelter during
the day under stones, in roots of plants or attached to branches of dry
plants; some unordinary fresh and for example misty nights will give them
the chance to feed and refill their water supplies during this eastivation
period.
Usually
for allowing lesser increases of temperature they have evolved to adopt
pale coloured shells, as the members of the genus Theba (Ex.Theba planata)
and Eremina (Eremina duroi), or other genuses also produce shells
with marked ribs or corrugated surfaces as the genus Helicopsis (Helicopsis
turcica) or Trochoidea (Trochoidea pumilio).
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