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Morocco & Western Sahara

North African Malacology

 

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Morocco & Western Sahara

“Follow me then, in my journey, but just the ones that once have felt an inner shudder for the first notes, mostly sour and sweet, of the arabic instruments, eternally scortted by drums. These are of mine, these are my brothers. Ride, as me, on your best horse, of wide chest and long mane, and I will guide you through the wild plains covered in flowers, through the deserts, sprinkled with lilies and other jewels, to the very hart of this ancient country immobilized under the power of the sun, and finally take you to visit the great dead cities, lulled by the eternal whisper of prayers..... ”

Travels: Morocco, Pierre Loti

A place visited and admired, always desired, stop and temporary home for every traveller.

During the history this area has attracted the interests of many people; during the 18th century and some centuries before, romantic and mystic ideas about the muslim society brought artists and aristocracy to taste the colours and landscapes of the north western corner of the African continent; also naturalists with dreams drunken by the magic lure of the stories of waterless deserts with green spots, places where sweet fruits grow, massive snow covered mountains, or misterious ponds with holy fishes, were soon keen to gain more knowledge, and made them to travel all around and begin keeping track of the different special forms of life to be found there.

The 19th brought more lucrative aims for studies, locating valuable mineral reservoirs or oil were the main interests and cartography advanced due to the military interests, but in the same time deeper researches began on other fields as Botany, Zoology, etc..

Finally due to the intense contact, the desert caught the minds of visiting westeners, as it has been doing to all the previous and present settlers, also today any supposed scientific reason is enough for paying a visit to our origins, the empty plains of sand and stones; often these supposed scientific reasons are just a cheap reason for going back once more; most times deprived of the usual comodities of our society, living in basic conditions, suffering the harsh weather... and the people still keeps on going, again and again , many could ask why?, nobody has an answer, but once you have been there you need it, it's the Desert.

One of the magical sunrises to be found in the desert.

When visiting the desert keep record of what you were coming to do, for example snailing; the empty horizon, the heat, the intense colours and the lack of sounds have been proved to be a shocking event for many, of extreme pleasure, or of extreme dislike... This is just an advice, there might be many that would like to be taken by the desert, more that would love to be safely back at their homes, but if you came for your aims of snailing at least keep it in your mind, although it looks like empty the desert is full, it is rich in emotions, as well as in snails ....

North African Malacofauna: Landsnails

Studied by generations of scholars as Pallary, and contemporary authors, the molluscan fauna of this area still remains fairly poor studied, vast areas have not even been visited, and the systematical position of many taxons is still unclear.

 

 

 

 

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Most of the work was done in the colonial times, and as usually happens many species had no proper localities specified, or were transfered from one site to other due to common mistakes.

No doubt this northern and northwestern area of Africa is home for many interesting families of land-dwelling Mollusca. Also the surrounding seas are specially rich in species, a large amount of nutrients found in the water makes possible a high diversity of life.

Mountain Inter.

A challenge for life: different climate and ecological conditions make strange survival strategies to evolve.

The Moroccan and Western Saharan area has different kinds of landscapes, as different types of climates, the more interesting adaptations anyway occur in the desert fauna.

Often is said that live is found in every pocket of this planet doesn't matter what unpleasant conditions there might be; well who knew that you may have the chance to find (live) snails, these moisture loving animals, in hell like deserts?; also, did you know that you are most likely to meet people there too?.

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This last idea is nothing new for all, places that look for us barren and without any possible use, are the home backyards to many families, valuable resources are taken, and they know every inch of the landscape, their advice has always been the best help in every problem. Living in close contact with the elements, they've got all the answers, and often when encountered always a smile shines in their face.... a foreigner coming to look for snails?, and they are more amused when they take you to a good spot, and the foreigner (anyone of us) in the first two hours of walking begins to question how far is that marvellous spot... meanwhile checking the amount of water taken..., may be noticing that you are thirsty you offer your friend some..“I am not thirsty, and I don't like the taste of water, I will drink tomorrow, some milk”... then you just keep on thinking.... tomorrow???.....

There are places where reported by the local villagers no drop of rain have been seen for years, but when the often heavy, but short rains, come, first it is a joy for the locals and their cattle and second it is the most important event for all the desert life, specially molluscs; sealing their shells with many layers of dry mucus (epiphragma), they have been waiting for these storms, hidden in the soil or under stones; for attaining survival they need to take adventage of all the new food, the vegetal life that will cover the former dry and lifeless looking sand dunes and rocky areas.

During weeks these inhabitants will gather energy for surviving whilst it is possible, mating also needs to happen now, no one knows when are the next rains coming and a newer generation, more members, will give more chances for every population to survive.

For the next months or years of drought these animals will find shelter during the day under stones, in roots of plants or attached to branches of dry plants; some unordinary fresh and for example misty nights will give them the chance to feed and refill their water supplies during this eastivation period.

Usually for allowing lesser increases of temperature they have evolved to adopt pale coloured shells, as the members of the genus Theba (Ex.Theba planata) and Eremina (Eremina duroi), or other genuses also produce shells with marked ribs or corrugated surfaces as the genus Helicopsis (Helicopsis turcica) or Trochoidea (Trochoidea pumilio).

 

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